Endocrine disease

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Endocrine disease
Classification and external resources
Major endocrine glands. (Male left, female on the right.) 1. Pineal gland 2. Pituitary gland 3. Thyroid gland 4. Thymus 5. Adrenal gland 6. Pancreas 7. Ovary 8. Testes
ICD-10	E00-35
ICD-9	240-259
MeSH	D004700

Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.

Types of endocrine disease

Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:

Endocrine gland hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency)
Endocrine gland hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)
Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands

Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone.

Diagnosis of endocrine diseases

Diagnosis of endocrine diseases may be difficult; it is often not possible to directly assay hormone levels in the blood, making indirect measurements necessary. For example, diabetes mellitus is diagnosed via measurements of blood glucose rather than direct assays of plasma insulin; Cushing's syndrome is diagnosed by the dexamethasone suppression test rather than by direct assays of serum.

List of endocrine diseases

Pituitary gland disorders

Posterior pituitary

Diabetes insipidus

Anterior pituitary

Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism)

Pituitary tumors

Sex hormone disorders

Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders

Hypogonadism (Gonadotropin deficiency)
- Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders
- Acquired disorders
  - Ovarian failure (also known as Premature Menopause)
  - Testicular failure

Disorders of Gender
- Gender identity disorder

Disorders of Puberty
- Delayed puberty
- Precocious puberty

Menstrual function or fertility disorders
- Amenorrhea
- Polycystic ovary syndrome

Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Carcinoid syndrome

History

Timme's syndrome is a historical term for pluriglandular disease ( disease involving a number of endocrine organs ) first described in 1919.^[1]

References

^ "Columbia University Health Sciences Library Archives & Special Collections". http://library.cpmc.columbia.edu/hsl/archives/findingaids/timme.html.

External links

Pathology: Medical conditions and ICD code

(Disease / Disorder / Illness, Syndrome / Sequence, Symptom / Sign, Injury, etc.)

(A/B, 001-139)

Infectious disease/Infection: Bacterial disease (G+, G-) · Virus disease · Parasitic disease (Protozoan infection, Helminthiasis, Ectoparasitic infestation) · Mycosis · Zoonosis

(C/D,
140-239 & 280-289)

Cancer (C00-D48, 140-239)	Tumor

Myeloid hematologic (D50-D77, 280-289)	Anemia · Coagulopathy

Lymphoid immune (D80-D89, 279)	Immunodeficiency · Immunoproliferative disorder · Hypersensitivity

(E, 240-278)

Endocrine disease · Nutrition disorder · Inborn error of metabolism

(F, 290-319)

Mental disorder

(G, 320-359)

Nervous system disease (CNS, PNS) · Neuromuscular disease

(H, 360-389)

Eye disease · Ear disease

(I, 390-459)

Cardiovascular disease (Heart disease, Vascular disease)

(J, 460-519)

Respiratory disease (Obstructive lung disease, Restrictive lung disease, Pneumonia)

(K, 520-579)

Stomatognathic disease (Tooth disease) · Digestive disease (Esophageal, Stomach, Enteropathy, Liver, Pancreatic)

(L, 680-709)

Skin disease · skin appendages (Nail disease, Hair disease, Sweat gland disease)

(M, 710-739)

Musculoskeletal disorders: Myopathy · Arthropathy · Osteochondropathy (Osteopathy, Chondropathy)

(N, 580-629)

Urologic disease (Nephropathy, Urinary bladder disease) · Male genital disease · Breast disease · Female genital disease

(O, 630-679)

Complications of pregnancy · Obstetric labor complication · Puerperal disorder

(P, 760-779)

Fetal disease

(Q, 740-759)

Congenital disorder (Congenital abnormality)

(R, 780-799)

Syndromes · Medical signs (Eponymous)

(S/T, 800-999)

Bone fracture · Joint dislocation · Sprain · Strain · Subluxation · Head injury · Chest trauma · Poisoning

Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00–35, 240–259)

Pancreas/
glucose
metabolism

Hypofunction	Diabetes mellitus types: (type 1, type 2, MODY 1 2 3 4 5 6) · complications (coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy) insulin receptor (Rabson–Mendenhall syndrome) · Insulin resistance

Hyperfunction	Hypoglycemia · beta cell (Hyperinsulinism) · G cell (Zollinger–Ellison syndrome)

Hypothalamic/
pituitary axes

Hypothalamus

gonadotropin (Kallmann syndrome, Adiposogenital dystrophy) · CRH (Tertiary adrenal insufficiency) · vasopressin (Neurogenic diabetes insipidus) · general (Hypothalamic hamartoma)

Pituitary

Hyperpituitarism	anterior (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion) · posterior (SIADH) · general (Nelson's syndrome)

Hypopituitarism	anterior (Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, ACTH deficiency/Secondary adrenal insufficiency) · posterior (Neurogenic diabetes insipidus) · general (Empty sella syndrome, Pituitary apoplexy, Sheehan's syndrome, Lymphocytic hypophysitis)

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Hypoparathyroidism	Pseudohypoparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism	Primary · Secondary · Tertiary · Osteitis fibrosa cystica

Adrenal

Hyperfunction	aldosterone: Hyperaldosteronism/Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome, Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism) · AME · Liddle's syndrome · 17α CAH cortisol: Cushing's syndrome (Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) sex hormones: 21α CAH · 11β CAH

Hypofunction/ Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's, WF)	aldosterone: Hypoaldosteronism (21α CAH, 11β CAH) cortisol: CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) sex hormones: 17α CAH